Until Now
SciencePhilosophy

Ibn al-Haytham and the Book of Optics

Vision is explained correctly, and experiment is made the arbiter of theory.

When
Known to
± 5 years
Era
Post-Classical, Holocene

Writing around 1021, Ibn al-Haytham demonstrates that we see because light enters the eye rather than because rays leave it, works out reflection and refraction, describes the camera obscura, and — most importantly — insists that claims be tested by controlled experiment and that the seeker after truth should distrust his own conclusions. Many historians treat him as the first recognisable practitioner of the scientific method.

Just before

Just after