Until Now
EconomicsTechnologyCivilisation

The Song economic revolution

China industrialises in everything but name, seven centuries early.

When
Duration
319 years
Known to
± 20 years
Era
Post-Classical, Holocene

Under the Song from 960, iron output reaches levels Europe would not match until the eighteenth century, coal replaces charcoal for smelting, water-powered machinery spins hemp, canals and coastal shipping move bulk goods, and cities exceed a million people. Champa rice allows double cropping and population passes 100 million. Historians have argued for decades about why this did not become an industrial revolution.

Just before

Just after