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Sima Qian

A historian castrated rather than executed chooses disgrace so he can finish his book.

When
Duration
10 years
Known to
± 5 years
Era
Classical, Holocene

Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian, completed around 94 BCE, covers 2,000 years in 130 chapters, organised by annals, treatises, tables and biographies — a structure copied by every subsequent Chinese dynastic history. Having defended a disgraced general, he was offered execution or castration; he chose the latter, explicitly so the work would be completed. It includes accounts of merchants, assassins and jesters as well as emperors.

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