Until Now
MedicineScience

Charaka and Sushruta

Systematic medicine and surgery, including reconstruction of the nose.

When
Duration
599 years
Known to
± 200 years
Era
Classical, Holocene

The Charaka Samhita organises Ayurvedic internal medicine, diagnosis and ethics, while the Sushruta Samhita describes over a hundred surgical instruments and three hundred procedures — cataract couching, lithotomy, caesarean delivery, and rhinoplasty using a flap of skin from the cheek or forehead. The nose reconstruction technique reached Britain in the 1790s via a report from India and is the direct ancestor of modern plastic surgery.

Just before

Just after