Until Now
Biology

The Avalon explosion

Large, strange, frond-like organisms appear in the deep sea — the first complex life visible to the eye.

When
Duration
14 million years
Known to
± 5 million years
Era
Neoproterozoic, Proterozoic

From about 574 million years ago the Avalon assemblage, preserved in Newfoundland and Charnwood Forest, records rangeomorphs and arboreomorphs: fractally branching fronds up to two metres tall, anchored to the seafloor below the reach of light. Charnia, found by a schoolgirl in 1957, was the fossil that finally proved complex life predated the Cambrian. Nothing alive today has quite the same body plan.

Just before

Just after