Until Now
GeologyEnvironment

The great thaw

As the ice melts, a layer of carbonate is laid down worldwide in a geological instant.

When
Known to
± 3 million years
Era
Neoproterozoic, Proterozoic

Directly above Cryogenian glacial deposits, on every continent, sits a distinctive cap carbonate tens of metres thick. It records the aftermath of snowball collapse: an atmosphere loaded with volcanic carbon dioxide, torrential acidic rain stripping the continents, and carbonate precipitating from a hot, alkaline ocean. Their global synchroneity is among the strongest arguments that the glaciations really were planet-wide.

Just before

Just after