Until Now
BiologyGeology

Cells preserved whole

Actual microbial cells, not just chemical traces, survive in 3.4-billion-year-old sandstone.

When
Known to
± 30 million years
Era
Paleoarchean, Archean

Microstructures in Western Australian rocks show cell walls, division stages and clustering, with sulfur isotopes and mineral associations indicating sulfur-metabolising bacteria. They lived on a beach in an oxygen-free world, using sulfur where later organisms would use oxygen. It is among the earliest evidence of preserved cells rather than the chemistry they left behind.

Just before

Just after