Until Now
Cosmology

The Milky Way's thick disk takes shape

Our galaxy settles into a flattened, rotating body of stars about 11 billion years ago.

When
Known to
± 500 million years
Era
Galaxy Assembly, Stelliferous

The thick disk forms out of the Milky Way's earliest star-forming population, and is later puffed up and heated by the mergers that follow. Its stars are old, metal-poor and orbit on wider, more tilted paths than the Sun's. Reconstructing its age from asteroseismology and Gaia data has repeatedly pushed its formation earlier than expected.

Just before

Just after