Until Now
GeologyEnvironment

The first oceans

Earth cools enough for rain to stay on the ground, and the planet turns blue.

When
Known to
± 50 million years
Era
Hadean

Once the surface drops below the boiling point, atmospheric steam condenses and falls as rain for what may have been thousands of years, filling the first ocean basins. Zircon oxygen isotopes push the presence of liquid water back to at least 4.4 billion years — far earlier than the name Hadean, coined for a hellish world, implies. Earth may have been temperate and largely ocean-covered for much of this era.

Just before

Just after