Deep learning works

AlexNet cuts the ImageNet error rate dramatically in 2012 using deep convolutional networks trained on GPUs — the ideas were decades old, but data and parallel computing had finally caught up. AlphaGo beats Lee Sedol in 2016 at a game thought a decade away. The transformer architecture in 2017 then enables large language models, and by 2022 ChatGPT reaches a hundred million users faster than any consumer product in history.