Until Now
BiologyEnvironmentGeology

The coal forests

Swamp forests of thirty-metre clubmosses spread across the equator and bury carbon on an industrial scale.

When
Known to
± 10 million years
Era
Carboniferous, Paleozoic

Vast lowland wetlands across Euramerica fill with lycopsids — Lepidodendron and Sigillaria, giant relatives of today's ankle-high clubmosses, growing to forty metres with photosynthetic bark and shallow roots. Ferns, horsetails and early seed plants fill in beneath. Waterlogged, anoxic swamp floors prevent decay, and dead plant matter accumulates as peat and eventually coal. The period is named for it.

Just before

Just after