Until Now
Geology

The Variscan orogeny

Gondwana slams into Euramerica, raising mountains across Europe and welding Pangaea together.

When
Duration
40 million years
Known to
± 15 million years
Era
Carboniferous, Paleozoic

Between about 380 and 300 million years ago a series of collisions builds a mountain chain running from Iberia through France and Germany into central Europe, with the Appalachian orogeny as its North American continuation. It is the final act in assembling Pangaea. The eroded roots are the granite uplands of Cornwall, Brittany and the Massif Central, and the basins beside them are where much of Europe's coal accumulated.

Just before

Just after