Until Now
EducationLawPhilosophy

The university is invented

A self-governing corporation of scholars, with degrees, examinations and legal privileges.

When
Duration
112 years
Known to
± 20 years
Era
Post-Classical, Holocene

Bologna organises around 1088 as a guild of students hiring professors; Paris forms as a guild of masters; Oxford follows. What is new is not teaching but the institution — a legally recognised corporation that can set its own curriculum, examine candidates and grant a licence to teach valid anywhere. It survives essentially intact for nine hundred years and is one of very few medieval institutions still operating in recognisable form.

Just before

Just after