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BiologyScience

Neanderthals and Denisovans divide

Nuclear DNA from the Pit of the Bones shows the two lineages had already parted by 430,000 years ago.

When
Duration
30 thousand years
Known to
± 30 thousand years
Era
Middle Pleistocene, Quaternary

Sequencing nuclear DNA from Sima de los Huesos — an extraordinary technical achievement, since DNA at that age is normally destroyed — showed the individuals were on the Neanderthal branch and not the Denisovan one. That single result dates the Neanderthal-Denisovan divergence to before 430,000 years ago, and it pushed the recoverable genetic record back roughly ten times further than had been thought possible. Ancient DNA stopped being a Late Pleistocene tool at that moment.

Just before

Just after