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ScienceEnvironmentCosmology

The Maunder Minimum

Sunspots almost vanish for seventy years during the coldest phase of the Little Ice Age.

When
Duration
70 years
Known to
± 2 years
Era
Early Modern, Holocene

Between about 1645 and 1715 astronomers record almost no sunspots — perhaps fifty over the whole period where thousands would be expected. It coincides with the coldest decades of the Little Ice Age in Europe: the Thames freezes hard enough for frost fairs, Alpine glaciers advance over farmland, and harvests fail repeatedly. How much of the cooling the solar minimum caused, as against volcanic activity, remains debated.

Just before

Just after