Until Now
Cosmology

Matter overtakes radiation

At 47,000 years, matter finally outweighs light — and structure can begin to grow.

When
Known to
± 20 million years
Era
Primordial

For its first tens of thousands of years the universe is dominated by radiation, whose pressure smooths out any clumping that tries to form. Around 47,000 years after the Big Bang, at a redshift near 3,400, the density of matter overtakes it. From this point gravity can amplify the faint density ripples left by inflation instead of having them washed out, which is the necessary precondition for every galaxy that follows.

Just before

Just after