Until Now
EnvironmentGeology

The first hyperthermals

Short, sharp warming pulses begin appearing in the record — rehearsals for what comes at the boundary.

When
Duration
3.8 million years
Known to
± 500 thousand years
Era
Paleocene, Cenozoic

The Paleogene climate record is punctuated by hyperthermals: geologically brief episodes in which carbon isotopes drop sharply, temperatures rise several degrees, and the deep ocean becomes corrosive to carbonate, all recovering within a few hundred thousand years. The Dan-C2 event in the early Danian and the Latest Danian Event around 62 million years ago are among the first. Each is paced by orbital cycles, which suggests a carbon reservoir near a threshold that orbital forcing can repeatedly tip — the same setup that produces the far larger event to come.

Just before

Just after