Until Now
Biology

Birds radiate into the empty sky

The few surviving lineages of ground-dwelling birds expand into most of the orders alive today.

When
Duration
10 million years
Known to
± 2 million years
Era
Paleocene, Cenozoic

Only a handful of bird lineages cross the boundary, and the evidence suggests the survivors were small ground-dwellers rather than tree-dwellers — consistent with a world whose forests had just burned. From that narrow base the group re-radiates fast, and molecular phylogenies show most modern orders separating within about fifteen million years of the impact. Every one of the ten thousand living bird species descends from those few survivors, which makes birds the only dinosaurs left and their diversity a direct consequence of the disaster.

Just before

Just after