Al-Andalus
Cordoba becomes the most sophisticated city in Europe.
- When
- —
- Duration
- 275 years
- Known to
- ± 10 years
- Era
- Post-Classical, Holocene
Muslim Iberia from 711, and especially the Umayyad emirate and caliphate of Cordoba from 756, supports paved and lit streets, running water, hundreds of thousands of manuscripts in its libraries, and scholarship in agronomy, medicine, astronomy and philosophy. Christians, Muslims and Jews coexisted under varying and sometimes harsh conditions — the convivencia has been both romanticised and dismissed — and Jewish intellectual life in particular flourished.