Until Now
GeologyBiology

The Salla beds record isolated South America

Bolivian sediments preserve a fauna that evolved with no contact with any other continent.

When
Duration
5 million years
Known to
± 1 million years
Era
Oligocene, Cenozoic

The Salla Formation and related Deseadan-age deposits document South America's mammals at a moment when the continent had been isolated for 30 million years: native ungulates unrelated to anything elsewhere, marsupial carnivores, early sloths and armadillos, and the first caviomorph rodents and platyrrhine monkeys following their ocean crossings. The teeth are already high-crowned, evidence that open, gritty habitats developed here millions of years before they did in North America.

Just before

Just after