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Pigment and long-distance exchange

Obsidian carried 90 kilometres and processed red and black pigments imply networks and symbols.

When
Duration
25 thousand years
Known to
± 15 thousand years
Era
Middle Pleistocene, Quaternary

The same Olorgesailie deposits contain obsidian from sources up to 90 kilometres away — far beyond a normal foraging range, implying either long expeditions or exchange between groups — together with lumps of red ochre and black manganese showing signs of having been worked to extract colouring material. Neither has a practical function that explains the effort. Together they are among the earliest indications of social networks extending beyond the immediate band, and of colour used for something.

Just before

Just after