Until Now
Biology

Hominins lose their fur

Naked skin and millions of sweat glands make a primate the best long-distance cooler in the animal world.

When
Duration
600 thousand years
Known to
± 300 thousand years
Era
Early Pleistocene, Quaternary

Humans have roughly the same density of hair follicles as a chimpanzee but the hairs are vestigial, and we carry two to four million eccrine sweat glands — far more than any other primate. The combination allows sustained heat dumping that a panting quadruped cannot match. Dating the change relies on an indirect and rather elegant proxy: body lice, which live in clothing, diverged from head lice only much later, while the genetic split between human and chimpanzee lice sets a bound on when the fur went.

Just before

Just after