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Fire in Wonderwerk Cave

Burnt bone and ash deep inside a South African cave, a million years old, is among the oldest fire evidence.

When
Known to
± 100 thousand years
Era
Early Pleistocene, Quaternary

Sediments in Wonderwerk Cave, 30 metres from the entrance, contain ashed plant material and burnt bone fragments showing heating to temperatures consistent with a campfire, in Acheulean layers about a million years old. Being deep inside a cave largely rules out a wildfire. It is one of the strongest early cases, alongside Koobi Fora and Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, but the record of fire use in this period is sparse and every site is argued over.

Just before

Just after